Negative ion generator. Air ionizer circuit (negative ion generator)

The utility model relates to air treatment technology and can be used in everyday life, in residential premises, in work premises with computer and television equipment, etc. The goal is to increase the thermal stability of the ion generator under changes in external temperature and improve the control characteristics. For this purpose, two pulse generators with adjustable duty cycle, two electronic switches and a control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, for example, an “exclusive or ", installed between the outputs of the pulse generators and the control inputs of the electronic switches, to one of which it is connected through an inverter, the outputs of the electronic switches are connected (one directly, and the other through a boost capacitor to the primary winding of the transformer), and the power inputs are connected between the output power supply and common bus. 1o. p.f-ly, 1 ill.

The utility model relates to air treatment technology and can be used in everyday life, in residential premises, in work premises with computer and television equipment, etc.

Bipolar ion generators are known (see, for example, USSR author's certificate No. 550077 for Ion Generator, M. Kl. H 05 F 1/00 ​​- not published). The disadvantage of the known ion generator is the presence of a radioactive element as a source of ionization, which makes its use in everyday life unacceptable.

The closest in technical essence is the “Device for air ionization” according to the USSR author’s certificate No. 919452 M.Kl. 3 F 24 F 3/16 (not published), containing corona electrodes located in a ventilated housing, connected to the output winding of a high-voltage transformer with a low-voltage primary winding, and a power supply.

In this device, two blocking generators that are switched on alternately are used to create high-voltage pulses, and the concentration of ions of one sign or another is regulated by changing the on-state time of one or another blocking generator and the off-state time of both blocking generators.

Significant disadvantages of the prototype include the strong dependence of the frequency of blocking generators on external temperature (see, for example, B.S. Moin, N.N. Laptev. Stabilized transistor converters. "Energy", Moscow 1972, p. 403), which means and the dependence of the concentration of formed ions on temperature. The second disadvantage is the difficulty of regulating the operating mode of such a device due to the intermittent operation of blocking generators, which leads to uneven ionization of the air and complicates the measurement of ion concentration in the air when regulating the operating mode of the ion generator.

The goal is to increase the stability of the ion generator under changes in external temperature and improve the control characteristics.

The problem is solved by the fact that the bipolar ion generator, containing corona electrodes located in a ventilated housing, connected to the output winding of a high-voltage transformer with a low-voltage primary winding and a power supply, is equipped with two electronic switches, two pulse generators with adjustable duty cycle and a control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, for example, in the form of an “exclusive or” logical element, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of pulse generators, and the output is connected to the control inputs of electronic switches, and to the control input of one

the switch is connected directly, and to the input of the other - through an inverter, the outputs of the electronic switches are connected to the primary winding of the high-voltage transformer, and one of the outputs is connected to the specified winding through a boost capacitor, and the power inputs of the switches are connected between the output of the power supply and the common bus.

The drawing shows one of the possible variants of the circuit implementation of the proposed bipolar ion generator, where the housing 1 contains corona electrodes 2 and 3, a fan 4 connected to the power supply 5, and corona electrodes 2 and 3 are connected to the output winding 6 of the high-voltage transformer 7, the primary the low-voltage winding 8 of which at one end, through a boost capacitor 9, is connected to the output of the first electronic switch, assembled on a complementary pair of transistors 10 and 11. The second end of the primary winding 8 is connected directly to the output of the second electronic switch, assembled on a complementary pair of transistors 12 and 13. The first power the inputs of the collector switches of transistors 10 and 12 are combined and connected to the output of the power supply 5, and the second power inputs of the switches - the collector of transistors 11 and 13 - are connected to a common bus. The control input of the first switch - the combined bases of transistors 10 and 11 - is connected to the output of the inverter 14, the input of which is connected to the output of the "exclusive or" logical element 15, which acts as a unit for controlling the polarity of high-voltage voltage pulses supplied to the corona electrodes 2 and 3 from the secondary 6 windings of the transformer 7. The output of element 15 is additionally connected to the control input of the second electronic switch, that is, to the combined bases of transistors 12 and 13. The first input of element 15 is connected to the output of the first pulse generator 16, assembled on two series-connected inverters 17 and 18 with a complex timing circuit, consists of a limiting resistor 19, a potentiometer-pulse duration regulator - 20, a potentiometer-pulse frequency regulator-21, decoupling diodes 22, 23 and a timing capacitor 24. This circuit is connected in the manner shown in the drawing between the common point of inverters 17 and 18 and the output of the inverter 18, which is the output of the pulse generator 16. The common connection point of the diodes 22, 23 and the capacitor 24 is connected through a decoupling resistor 25 to the input of the inverter 17. The resistor 19 is connected between the common point of the inverters 17, 18 and the midpoint of the potentiometer 20, one output of which connected to potentiometer 21, switched on by a rheostat and connected through diode 22 to capacitor 24. The second terminal of potentiometer 20, through diode 23 counter-connected with diode 22, is connected to the same point of capacitor 24, where an additional terminal of resistor 25 is connected.

The second input of element 15 is connected to the output of the second pulse generator 26, assembled on series-connected inverters 27, 28, the common point of which is connected through a limiting resistor 29 to the midpoint of the potentiometer - ion unipolarity coefficient regulator - 30, the two outer terminals of which are through back-to-back diodes 31, 32 are connected to the common connection point of the capacitor 33 and resistor 34,

the second ends of which are connected, respectively, to the output of the inverter 28 and to the input of the inverter 27. It should be said that the principle of constructing the electrical circuits of pulse generators 16 and 26 is described in detail in the USSR author's certificate No. 1132340, NOZK 3/02, published on December 30, 1984. in Bull. No. 48 (author V.P. Reut), therefore, in the future, the intricacies of the operation of these generators will not be described, especially since pulse generators 16 and 26 may have a completely different circuit design. Arrows “A” show the direction of the air flow created by fan 4.

The bipolar ion generator works as follows. After turning on the supply voltage, air is blown through the internal cavity of the housing 1 and the corona electrodes 2 and 3 by a fan 4 connected to the power supply 5 in the direction of arrows “A”. To the corona electrode 2, consisting, for example, of a set of needle-shaped rods, from the secondary winding 6 of the transformer 7, packs of high-voltage short pulses of either positive or negative polarity are continuously supplied relative to the electrode 3, made, for example, in the form of rings rigidly connected to each other, coaxial with electrode rods 2. The dimensions of the electrode rings 3, the number of rod-ring pairs and their mutual longitudinal arrangement are determined by the maximum required productivity of the ion generator and the power of the transformer 7. If positive impulses are received at electrode 2, relative to electrode 3, then the air flow will positive ions will be blown out from fan 4. When negative pulses arrive at electrode 2, relative to electrode 3, negative ions will enter the air space.

The duration of high-voltage short pulses determines the lifetime of the corona discharge and, accordingly, the concentration per unit volume of air of ions of positive and negative polarity during the existence of short pulses. The formation of output high-voltage pulses arriving at the corona electrodes 2 and 3 is carried out by switching the ends of the chain of the primary 8 winding of the transformer 7 and the voltage booster capacitor 9 connected in series with switches on transistors 10, 11, 12, 13 between the output of the power supply 5 and the common bus.

The first electronic switch on transistors 10, 11 is identical to the second electronic switch on transistors 12, 13. Both of them are complementary emitter followers and are controlled in antiphase to each other due to the presence of the first inverter switch 14 at the control input.

Control switching pulses arrive in antiphase to the control inputs of electronic switches from the output of the “exclusive or” element 15, which acts as a unit for controlling the polarity of high-voltage voltage pulses arriving at the corona electrodes 2 and 3. For this, the property of the “exclusive or” element to repeat at its output is used. the polarity and shape of the pulses arriving at one of its inputs if there is a zero signal at its second input. If the signal at this input becomes single, then the element operates as

inverter at the first input. The role of the pulse generator, which sets the duration and repetition frequency of short pulses, is performed by the first pulse generator 16, assembled on two series-connected inverters 17, 18, in which the duration of short positive pulses at the output of inverter 18 is set by potentiometer 20, and the repetition frequency of these pulses by potentiometer 21 If we denote:

τ 1 - duration of short pulses at the output of inverter 18;

τ 2 - duration of pauses between short pulses,

here: C 24 - capacitance of the capacitor 24 (Farad);

R 19 - resistor resistance 19 (Ohm);

R 20a - resistance of the left part of the potentiometer according to the diagram 20 (Ohm);

R 20b - resistance of the right side of the potentiometer 20 (Ohm);

R 21 - resistance of potentiometer 21 (Ohm);

R 22 - forward resistance of diode 22 (Ohm);

R 23 - resistance in the forward direction of diode 23 (Ohm).

Then the pulse repetition rate

When setting up the ion generator, the frequency f 1 is set to be optimal for the selected type of transformer 7. For example, if a horizontal transformer from any TV is used as transformer 7, then for it the optimal frequency f 1 = 15625 Hz plus or minus a tolerance that does not worsen the operating mode of the transformer.

By changing the pulse duration τ 1, the concentration of ions of both signs per unit volume of air is changed.

The role of the pulse generator, which sets the polarity of the pulses at the output of element 15, is performed by the second pulse generator 26, assembled on series-connected inverters 27, 28. Its circuit and calculation of parameters are similar to those described above, if we assume in the first case R 21 = 0.

In the pulse generator 26, the potentiometer 30 changes the duty cycle of the pulses at a constant repetition rate of these pulses f 2 . By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor 33 and the resistance value of the potentiometer 30, f 2 is preset

If, when adjusting, set the potentiometer slider 30 to the middle position, the ion generator will emit the same number of ions of both signs. Changing the position of the potentiometer 30 slider controls the ion unipolarity coefficient

n + - concentration of positive ions per cm 3 of air;

n - - concentration of negative ions per cm 3 of air.

When setting up an ion generator using an ion counter, first set the required ion unipolarity coefficient, since when it changes, the concentration of ions of both signs changes - the concentration of some increases, while the concentration of others decreases. Then the ion counter is adjusted

potentiometer 20 pulse duration at the output of pulse generator 16, thereby changing the concentration of ions of both signs to the desired value. To a first approximation, the ion unipolarity coefficient does not change with this adjustment.

Let us assume that at some point in time the output of pulse generators 16 and 26 contains zero signals, that is, pauses between pulses. In this case, the output of element 15 will be a zero signal, which, through inverter 14, will open transistor 10 and close transistor 11, and also close transistor 12 and open transistor 13. As a result, the lower end of the primary winding 8 of transformer 7 according to the diagram will be connected to the common bus, and capacitor 9 will be connected to the output of power supply 5. A capacitor charge current will flow through capacitor 9 and the primary winding 8, which will create an exponential pulse, say, of negative polarity, on the output winding 6 of transformer 7. But its amplitude will be less than the corona threshold of electrodes 2 and 3 (this is set by the value of the supply voltage received at the output of power supply 5).

During the pause between pulses, capacitor 9 will be charged to the amplitude value of the supply voltage supplied to it. The appearance of a short positive pulse at the output of pulse generator 16 will cause the appearance of a pulse of the same duration at the output of element 15. This pulse will close transistor 13 for the duration of its existence and open transistor 12, and through inverter 14 will close transistor 10 and open transistor 11. As a result, the primary winding 8 of the transformer 7 will be supplied with double supply voltage provided by the power supply 5 - one - directly from the power supply 5 will be applied to the lower terminal of the winding 8 according to the diagram, and the second - due to the charged capacitor 9, which will be connected between the upper terminal according to the diagram windings 8 and a common bus. A reverse current will flow through winding 8, which will create a positive voltage pulse on the output winding 6 of transformer 7, the amplitude of which will be higher than the corona threshold of electrodes 2 and 3, and positive ions will appear in the air, which will be blown out into the surrounding space by fan 4. At the end of the pulse at the output of the pulse generator 16, the first and second switches on transistors 10, 11 and 12, 13 will switch to the previous state. A new charge will begin, or rather, a recharge of capacitor 9, which is only partially discharged during the pulse. This is ensured by the capacitance value of capacitor 9 and the maximum duration of the pulse, during which capacitor 9 will be discharged to a level at which the voltage on winding 6 will remain above the corona threshold. This process will then be repeated until a positive voltage appears at the output of the pulse generator 26. After this, the polarity of pulses and pauses at the output of element 15 will change, that is, during pauses at the output of element 15 there will be a unit voltage, and during the presence of pulses it will be zero. This will lead to a change in the polarity of high-voltage pulses supplied from winding 6 of transformer 7 to corona electrodes 2 and 3. This will happen because during pauses between pulses, the charge of capacitor 9 will not occur through transistor 10 and winding 8, but through transistor 12 and winding 8 per common bus,

that is, on the capacitor, the charge voltage will have a different sign, and during discharge, the supply voltage from power supply 5 through transistor 10 will add up to the voltage on capacitor 9 and will be applied to winding 8, the lower end of which will be connected to the common bus through open transistor 13. As a result of corona coating of electrodes 2 and 3, negative ions will now be blown into space by a fan 4. This will continue in the same manner as described above until the pulse at the output of pulse generator 26 ends. The formation of positive ions will begin again. And so there will be a continuous emission of either positive or negative ions in certain given portions, which will replace each other many times within a second. Outside the housing 1 of the ion generator, due to air turbulence created by fan 4 and due to convective air flows, almost uniform mixing of ions of both signs will occur, which eliminates problems when measuring their quantity per unit volume of air. And the temperature stability of the ion generator is determined mainly only by the temperature stability of the timing elements used in it. And, importantly, the proposed ion generator allows the use of any line television transformers for operation, and does not require the manufacture of special transformers, as is done when using the prototype.

Utility model formula

A bipolar ion generator containing corona electrodes located in a ventilated housing, connected to the output winding of a high-voltage transformer with a low-voltage primary winding, and a power supply, characterized in that it is equipped with two electronic switches, two pulse generators with adjustable duty cycle and a control unit for the polarity of high-voltage pulses, for example, in the form of a logical element “Exclusive OR”, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of pulse generators, and the output is connected to the control inputs of electronic switches, and it is connected directly to the control input of one of them, and to the input of the other through an inverter, the outputs of electronic switches connected to the primary winding of a high-voltage transformer, with one of the outputs connected to the specified winding through a boost capacitor, and the power inputs of the switches are connected between the output of the power supply and the common bus.

The generator is designed for air treatment in residential, medical, office and other inhabited premises that are not polluted with harmful impurities, and can be used to enrich the air with ions of both signs, remove electrostatic charges from various objects and people’s clothing, clean the air from dust, bacteria and spores fungi. The ion generator contains a group of corona and accelerating electrodes located in a purged housing, connected to the output bipolar buses of the high-voltage corona voltage driver, equipped with a second group of corona and accelerating electrodes, similar to the first group of such electrodes and located next to it, while the corona electrodes of the first group are electrically connected with accelerating electrodes of the second group, and the accelerating electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to the discharge electrodes of the second group. The technical result is to increase the uniformity of distribution of ions of both signs in the ionized air and thereby improve the quality of the ionic composition of the air. 1 ill.

Drawings for RF patent 2343361

The invention relates to techniques for treating air in residential, medical, office and other inhabited premises that are not polluted with harmful impurities, and can be used to enrich the air with ions of both signs, remove electrostatic charges from various objects and people’s clothing, clean the air from dust, bacteria and fungal spores.

There are many different physical processes of natural origin known that participate in the ionization of the air around us (see, for example, N.A. Kaptsov. Electrical phenomena in gases and vacuum. State Publishing House of Technical and Theoretical Literature. M.-L., 1950 ., pp. 222-241, 589-604). However, in the technique of artificial ionization of air, mainly ion generators have been used, in which ions are created either by low-energy active isotopes, for example, tritium, carbon-14 or nickel-63 (see, for example, SU 106280 A, 1957), or by corona discharge between two electrodes (see, for example, SU 842347 A, 06/30/1981, V.P. Reuta).

Ion generators that use β-active isotopes make it possible to create an artificially ionized atmosphere that is closest in quality to the natural one using simple technical means. But safety regulations for handling radioactive materials to protect them from destruction and disposal conditions require special control services, which makes the widespread use of such ion generators impossible.

A great variety of ion generators, in which a corona discharge is used to ionize the air between two electrodes, to which a constant, pulsating or pulsed high-voltage voltage is applied, have been developed, but among them there is not a single one that can compete in terms of the qualitative composition of the created ions with radioactive ion generators.

In radioactive ion generators, the process of ion formation occurs continuously, with ions of both signs appearing in pairs. At the same time, there is a continuous process of volumetric recombination of ions, in which ions of different signs, meeting, neutralize each other’s charges (for more information about these processes, see, for example, J. Kay, T. Laby. Tables of physical and chemical constants. M. Gosizdat. physics .-math. literature. 1962, pp. 191-193 - about recombination and pp. 215-216 - about specific ionization by charged particles).

The presence of volumetric recombination of ions does not allow most of the ions to “grow old” and turn into medium and heavy ions, the presence of which in the air is undesirable, if not harmful to health, although they are involved in cleaning the air from dust (On the processes of formation and structure of atmospheric ions written in detail in the article: Eichmeier J. Beitrag zum Problem der Struktur der atmospharischen Kleinionen - “Zeitschrift für Geophysik”, 1968, Vol.34, S.297-322).

At the end of this article, Fig. 10 shows a diagram of the process of formation and structure of light, medium and heavy ions, indicating the lifespan of these ions.

In known bipolar ion generators containing corona electrodes located in a ventilated housing, connected to the output buses of a high-voltage corona voltage driver, ions are created in bursts of one or the other sign with a burst duration of several minutes (see, for example, US 3936698 A, 02/03/1979 ) to units of milliseconds.

And although these packets of oppositely polar ions are moved by an air flow, the process of recombination of ions from these packets begins with a delay, which leads to the formation of a large number of medium and heavy ions, since the lifetime of light ions lies in the range from 10 -4 to 100 seconds - this is the time during which a non-recombined light ion will necessarily collide with a large conglomerate of molecules or a condensation nucleus and form a medium or heavy ion.

The prototype can be any known bipolar or unipolar ion generator containing corona and accelerating electrodes located in a blown housing, but the closest in functionality is a bipolar ion generator containing a group of corona and accelerating electrodes located in a blown housing connected to the output heteropolar busbars of the high-voltage corona voltage former (see: RU 42629 U1, 12/10/2004, V.P. Reuta, A.F. Tuktagulov).

Since in the prototype, packs of unipolar pulses of either positive or negative polarity are supplied to the corona electrodes, ions of both signs also appear in the air in packs of one or the other polarity, which leads, as noted above, to the formation of an excessive amount of unnecessary medium and heavy ions.

The goal is to increase the uniformity of distribution of ions of both signs in ionized air and thereby improve the quality of the ionic composition of the air.

For this purpose, a bipolar ion generator containing a group of corona and accelerating electrodes located in a ventilated housing, connected to the output bipolar buses of the high-voltage corona voltage driver, is equipped with a second group of corona and accelerating electrodes, similar to the first group of such electrodes and located next to it, while the corona electrodes the first group is electrically connected to the accelerating electrodes of the second group, and the accelerating electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to the discharge electrodes of the second group.

The drawing shows the electrical circuit diagram of a bipolar ion generator, created on the basis of the above-mentioned prototype. It uses a standard designation of elements. Here, in the housing 1, two groups of corona electrodes 2 and 4 and accelerating electrodes 3 and 5 are installed on insulators, which are not shown in the drawing, where the corona electrodes 2 of the first group are electrically connected to the accelerating electrodes 5 of the second group, and the accelerating electrodes 3 of the first group are electrically connected with corona electrodes 4 of the second group, and both groups of electrodes are connected to opposite-polar outputs 6 and 7 of the high-voltage corona voltage former 8. The air to be ionized is blown through housing 1 in the direction of arrows “A”, and in the direction of arrows “B” and “C” it ​​comes out multi-polar ionized air. If housing 1 is metal, then it is connected to a common bus.

The output buses 6 and 7 inside the driver 8 are connected to different polarity terminals of the secondary 9 winding of the high-voltage transformer 10, the primary winding 11 of which at one end is connected through a booster capacitor 12 to the output of the first 13 voltage switch, assembled according to the circuit of a complementary emitter follower on a complementary pair of Darlington transistors 14 and 15, the bases of which are combined and connected to the output of the inverter 16, the input of which is combined with the input of the second 17 voltage switch. Switch 17 is made similar to switch 13 on a complementary pair of Darlington transistors 18 and 19, and its output is connected to the second end of the primary winding 11 of transformer 10. The combined inputs of inverter 16 and switch 17 are connected to the output of the “EXCLUSIVE OR” logical element 20, the first input of which is connected to the output of the ion concentration regulator 21, which is a high-frequency pulse generator with adjustable duration and repetition rate of output pulses of positive polarity. The pulse generator 21 is assembled on two series-connected inverters 22 and 23, where the output of the inverter 23, which is the output of the generator 21, is connected to the input of the inverter 22 through a timing capacitor 24 and a decoupling resistor 25. The common point of the inverters 22 and 23 is connected to the moving resistor through a current-limiting resistor 26 contact of the potentiometer 27, which acts as a regulator of the duration of the output pulses of the generator 21. The right output of the potentiometer 27 through the potentiometer in the rheostatic connection 28 and the forward-connected diode 29 is connected to the common point of the capacitor 24 and resistor 25, where the left output of the potentiometer 27 is additionally connected through the reverse-connected diode 30. The second the input of the logic element 20 is connected to the output of a low-frequency pulse generator 31 with a constant frequency and adjustable duty cycle of the output pulses. This generator consists of series-connected inverters 32 and 33, where the output of inverter 33, which is the output of generator 31, is connected to the input of inverter 32 through a timing capacitor 34 and a decoupling resistor 35, and the common point of inverters 32 and 33 is connected to a moving contact through a current-limiting resistor 36 potentiometer 37, which acts as a regulator of the duty cycle of the output pulses of the generator 31. The extreme terminals of the potentiometer 37 are connected through a reverse-connected diode 38 and, accordingly, through a forward-connected diode 39 to the common point of the capacitor 34 and resistor 35. Positive supply voltage is supplied to all necessary points of the circuit relative to the common bus through bus 40.

The high-voltage corona voltage former 8 is completely borrowed from the prototype, where it is described in detail. In turn, it uses almost classic knots. Thus, complementary emitter followers based on Darlington transistors, used in voltage switches 13 and 17, are described in the book: Claude Galle. Useful tips for developing and debugging electronic circuits. M.: "DMK", 2003, pp. 106-107, Fig. 2.67. Here on page 63 and Fig. 2.27 there is information about Darlington transistors. Pulse generators 21 and 31 are created on the basis of classical multivibrators (see: R. Melen, G. Garland. Integrated circuits with CMOS structures. M.: "Energy", 1979, pp. 105-107, Fig. 6-1 .), in which, using diodes 29, 30 and 38, 39, the charge and discharge circuits of capacitors 24 and 34, respectively, are separated. Similar circuits are described in SU 1132340 A, 12/30/1984 (V.P. Reuta).

During pre-tuning of the bipolar ion generator, potentiometer 27 sets the minimum pulse duration at the output of pulse generator 21; potentiometer 28 sets the repetition rate of the above pulses at which transient processes in the primary winding 11 of the transformer 10 will end in a time less than half the repetition period of these pulses; potentiometer 37 sets the duty cycle of the pulses at the output of the pulse generator 31 to two.

The bipolar ion generator works as follows.

After turning on the supply voltage, the high-frequency pulse generator 21 and the low-frequency pulse generator 31 immediately begin to generate continuous pulse sequences, and the repetition rate of the output pulses of the latter is, as a rule, several orders of magnitude lower than the repetition rate of the output pulses of the generator 21. If inside the generator 21 at the output of the inverter 23 “single” state, then the capacitor 24 is charged, through which the charge current flows from the output of the inverter 23 through the diode 30, the left part of the potentiometer 27, the resistor 26 and through the “zero” output of the inverter 22 to the common bus. Due to this current, at the common point of capacitor 24 and resistor 25, a “unit” voltage will be established at the initial moment, which through resistor 25 will be supplied to the input of inverter 22 and will maintain a “zero” state at its output. As capacitor 24 charges, the charging current and, accordingly, the voltage at the input of inverter 22 will drop. As soon as the voltage at the input of inverter 22 decreases to the operating level of this inverter, it will flip over to the “one” state at its output and transfer the inverter 23 to the “zero” state at its output. This will generate a pulse at the output of inverter 23 and, accordingly, at the output of generator 21. The duration of this pulse is determined by the charging time constant of capacitor 24, i.e. resistance in the charging circuit of this capacitor. By changing this resistance using potentiometer 27, you can change the duration of the output pulses of the pulse generator 21. After the inverter 22 transitions to the “unit” state at its output, and the inverter 23 to the “zero” state, the process of recharging the capacitor 24 will begin. The recharging current of the capacitor 24 will flow with the output of inverter 22 through resistor 26, the right side of potentiometer 27, potentiometer 28, diode 29 and through the output of inverter 23 to the common bus. During the process of recharging capacitor 24, the potential at the common point of capacitor 24 and resistor 25 will increase from the initial negative value in the positive direction until it reaches the operating level of inverter 22. When this level is reached, inverter 22 will flip to the “zero” state at its output and will switch the output of inverter 23 to a “single” state, after which the process of pulse formation will be repeated according to the above. By changing the resistance of potentiometer 28, you can change the pulse repetition rate at the output of inverter 23 with a constant duration of these pulses, and by changing the position of the potentiometer 27 slider, you can change the duration of the output pulses of inverter 23 with a constant repetition frequency.

The electrical circuit of the pulse generator 31 is similar to the circuit of the pulse generator 21, when it has the potentiometer 28 slider set to the extreme left position, therefore the pulse generator 31 operates similarly to the generator 21, and the potentiometer 37 serves to set the duty cycle of the output pulses of the generator 31 equal to two at a constant repetition rate these impulses.

The output signals from generators 21 and 31 are supplied to the inputs of the “EXCLUSIVE OR” logic element 20, the output signal of which takes on a “zero” value when both signals at its inputs have either a “zero” or “one” value. If the input signals have different values, then the output signal of element 20 will be “single”.

Suppose, at the initial moment, the output signals of pulse generators 21 and 31 have a “zero” value. In this case, the output signal of element 20 will also be “zero”. This signal will switch switch 17 to the “zero” state, in which it will close transistor 18 and open transistor 19, and switch 13, due to the presence of inverter 16 at its input, will switch to the “single” state, in which transistor 14 will open and transistor 15 will close. In this state of switches 13 and 17, from the power bus 40 through the open transistor 14, the boost capacitor 12, the primary winding 11 of the transformer 10 and the open transistor 19, the charge current of the boost capacitor 12 will flow to the common bus, which will be charged to the value of the output voltage of the switch 13. When it appears on At the output of the pulse generator 21 of the “single” signal, the logical element 20 will also go into the “single” state, as a result of which in the switch 13 the transistor 14 will close and the transistor 15 will open, and in the switch 17 the transistor 18 will open and the transistor 19 will close. With this state of the switches 13 and 17 to the upper end of the primary 11 winding of the transformer 10 according to the diagram, the negative voltage of the charged capacitor 12 will be applied relative to the common bus, and to the lower end of this winding - the positive voltage from the power bus 40. That is almost double the supply voltage of the bus 40 will be applied to the primary winding 11 of the high-voltage transformer 10, which will cause current to flow through the winding 11 of the transformer 10. As a result, a voltage pulse will be formed on the primary winding 10, equal in duration to the output pulse of the generator 21, and on the secondary winding 9 transformer 10, a high-voltage pulse will appear, which, through the output buses 6 and 7 of the high-voltage voltage former 8, will arrive simultaneously to both groups of corona and accelerating electrodes, respectively 2, 3 and 4, 5. Let us assume that on the output bus 6 the voltage will be positive relative to the output bus 7. Then a high-voltage positive voltage will be applied to the corona electrodes 2 in relation to the accelerating electrodes 3, which will create a positive corona between these electrodes, and a negative high-voltage voltage will be applied to the corona electrodes 4 in relation to the accelerating electrodes 5, which will create a negative corona between these electrodes. As a result of such corona, non-ionized air blown through housing 1 in the direction of arrows “A” is conventionally divided into two differently polarized ionized flows - in the direction of arrows “B” a flow of positively ionized air is formed, and in the direction of arrows “C” a flow of negatively ionized air is formed . These two flows, due to the turbulence of the air flow at a certain short distance from the accelerating electrodes 3 and 5, are mixed into one bipolar ionized flow, with the help of which the ions spread in the surrounding space and “live” until they recombine with oppositely charged ions.

Since during the formation of the working pulse on the primary 11 winding of the transformer 10 the voltage booster capacitor 12 is discharged, the value of its capacitance is chosen such that during the action of the working pulse the amplitude of the high-voltage pulse formed on the output winding 9 of the transformer 10 does not fall below the corona threshold of the corona electrodes 2 and 4.

At the end of the pulse at the output of the generator 21, transistors 14 and 19 will open again, and transistors 15 and 18 will close. The process of charging the boost capacitor 12 to the level of the output voltage of the switch 13 will begin. In this case, a reverse voltage will be applied to the primary 11 winding of the transformer 10, equal to the difference between the output voltage of the switch 13 and the residual voltage on the capacitor 12, which decreases exponentially during the process of recharging the capacitor 12. A pulse of reverse polarity will also be formed on the secondary 9 winding of the transformer 10, but its amplitude will be significantly lower than the corona threshold of the corona electrodes 2 and 4. The process of air ionization will stop until the next pulse arrives from the output of pulse generator 21.

The described process of forming a high-voltage corona voltage supplied to the corona electrodes 2 and 4 will continue under the influence of the output pulses of the generator 21 until the output signal of the pulse generator 31 takes on a “single” value. After this, the circuits for the flow of charging current or recharging of the capacitor 12 and the operating current during the formation of a high-voltage pulse will change places, as a result of which the polarity of the output high-voltage pulses coming from the secondary winding 9 of the transformer 10 through the output buses 6 and 7 of the shaper 8 to the corona electrodes 2 and 4 will change This will lead to the fact that now between the corona electrodes 2 and the accelerating electrodes 3, during the action of high-voltage pulses, a negative corona will appear, which will ionize the air flow going in the direction of the arrows “B” with negative ions. Similarly to the above, the air flow going in the direction of the arrows “C” will be ionized by positive ions. This process will continue until the output signal of the pulse generator 31 takes on a “zero” value, after which the signs of the ions coming out with the air flows “B” and “C” will again change.

A uniform change in the polarity of the voltage supplied to the corona electrodes 2 and 4 is necessary to create the same physical conditions during the corona treatment of these electrodes, because with positive and negative corona, the corona electrodes wear out differently. This is due to the fact that with negative corona, the corona electrode emits electrons, as well as a certain amount of material from the electrodes themselves, and with positive corona, the corona electrode breaks away from air molecules and absorbs electrons. Changing the polarity of the corona voltage supplied to electrodes 2 and 4 increases the reliability and durability of these electrodes.

The described bipolar ion generator allows you to simultaneously enrich the ionized air with ions of both signs, setting them to approximately the same amount per unit volume of air by changing the duration of the corona pulses using potentiometer 27 and partially using potentiometer 28, which changes the repetition rate of these pulses. The simultaneous generation of ions of both signs increases the probability of their subsequent recombination and reduces the probability of the formation of medium and heavy ions.

CLAIM

A bipolar ion generator containing a group of corona and accelerating electrodes located in a purged housing, connected to the output bipolar buses of a high-voltage corona voltage former, characterized in that it is equipped with a second group of corona and accelerating electrodes, similar to the first group of such electrodes and located next to it, with In this case, the corona electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to the accelerating electrodes of the second group, and the accelerating electrodes of the first group are electrically connected to the corona electrodes of the second group.

The generator is designed to process air. The generator contains a multivibrator, a pulse shaper, a low-frequency rectangular pulse generator, an ion concentration control unit, four voltage switches, a boost capacitor, two high-voltage transformers and a group of corona and accelerating electrodes installed in the blown air duct. The technical result is an increase in the uniformity of distribution of ions of both signs. 2 ill.

The invention relates to air treatment technology and can be used in everyday life, in offices, in educational premises with television, computing and other office equipment to enrich the air with ions of both signs, neutralize all kinds of electrostatic fields on various surfaces, objects and people’s clothing, as well as for cleaning air from dust, bacteria, yeast and fungal spores. It can also be used in industrial (non-gas-contaminated) premises for the same purposes and in premises for storing various food products.

There are many different physical processes of natural origin known that participate in the ionization of the air around us (see, for example: N.A. Kaptsov. Electrical phenomena in gases and vacuum. State Publishing House. Technical and theoretical literature. M. - L., 1950 g., pp. 222-241, 589-604). However, in the technique of artificial ionization of air, mainly ion generators have been used, in which ions are created either by low-energy β-active isotopes, for example tritium, carbon-14 or nickel-63 (see, for example, SU 106280 A, 1957), or corona discharge between two electrodes (see, for example, SU 842347 A, 06/30/1981).

Ion generators that use β-active isotopes make it possible to create an artificially ionized atmosphere that is closest in quality to the natural one using simple technical means. But safety regulations for handling radioactive materials, protecting them from destruction, and disposal conditions require special control services, which makes the widespread use of such ion generators impossible.

A great variety of ion generators, in which a corona discharge is used to ionize air between two electrodes, to which a constant or pulsating or pulsed high-voltage voltage is applied, have been developed, but among them there is not a single one that can compete in terms of the qualitative composition of the created ions with radioactive ion generators.

In radioactive ion generators, the process of ion formation occurs continuously, with ions of both signs appearing in pairs. At the same time, the process of volumetric recombination of ions continuously occurs, in which ions of different signs, meeting, neutralize each other’s charges (for more information about these processes, see, for example: J. Kay, T. Lebi. Tables of physical and chemical constants. M., Gosizdat physics and mathematics literature, 1962, pp. 191-193 - on recombination, and pp. 215-216 - on specific ionization by charged particles).

The presence of volumetric recombination of ions does not allow most of the ions to “grow old” and turn into medium and heavy ions, the presence of which in the air is undesirable, if not harmful, for health, although they are involved in cleaning the air from dust. (The processes of formation and structure of atmospheric ions are written in detail in the article: Eichmeier J. Beitrag zum Problem der Struktur der atmospharischen Kleinionen. - “Zeitschrift fur Geophysik”, 1968, vol.34, p.297-322).

At the end of this article, Fig. 10 shows a diagram of the process of formation and structure of light, medium and heavy ions, indicating the lifespan of these ions.

In known bipolar ion generators containing corona electrodes located in the blown air duct, connected to a source of high-voltage corona voltage, ions are created in bursts of one or the other sign with a burst duration of several minutes (see, for example: US patent No. 3936698 A, 03.02. 1979) to units of milliseconds.

And although these packets of oppositely polar ions are mixed by the air flow, the process of recombination of ions from these packets begins with a delay, which leads to the formation of a large number of medium and heavy ions, since the lifetime of light ions lies in the range from 10 -4 sec to 100 sec - this time , during which a non-recombined light ion will necessarily collide with a large conglomerate of molecules or a condensation nucleus and form a medium or heavy ion.

The closest set of functional units is a bipolar ion generator, containing a low-frequency rectangular pulse generator, an ion concentration control unit, an EXCLUSIVE OR logic element, voltage switches and a high-voltage transformer, the secondary winding of which is connected to a group of corona electrodes located in the blown air duct - see. .

Since in the prototype, packs of unipolar pulses of either positive or negative polarity are supplied to the corona electrodes, ions of both signs also appear in the air in packs of one or the other polarity, which leads, as noted above, to the formation of an excessive amount of unnecessary medium and heavy ions.

The goal is to increase the uniformity of distribution of ions of both signs in the volume of air blown through the generator immediately after their formation and thereby improve the quality of the ionic composition of the air.

To do this, in a bipolar ion generator containing a low-frequency rectangular pulse generator, an ion concentration control unit, an “EXCLUSIVE OR” logical element, voltage switches and a high-voltage transformer, the secondary winding of which is connected to a group of corona electrodes located in the blown air duct, the ion concentration control unit consists of a multivibrator connected in series with an adjustable pulse repetition rate and a pulse shaper along the rise and fall of the output pulses of the multivibrator, built on an “EXCLUSIVE OR” logical element, the first input of which is connected to the output of the multivibrator, and the second input to the common point of a serial RC circuit consisting of potentiometer and a capacitor connected to the common bus, three voltage switches, the first of which is made according to the circuit of a complementary emitter follower on Darlington transistors, and the second and third - according to the circuit of switches with three output states, and the second switch is switched to the third state by a “single” signal , and the third - “zero”, while the first and second switches form a bridge, the diagonal of which includes a voltage booster capacitor, and the second and third switches form a bridge, the diagonal of which includes the primary winding of the high-voltage transformer, and it is equipped with a second group of corona electrodes, similar to the first group of such electrodes and located next to it, a second high-voltage transformer, the output winding of which is connected to the second group of corona electrodes, a fourth voltage switch, similar to the third voltage switch, while the primary winding of the second transformer is connected between the outputs of the fourth and second switches, both The transformers have in-phase connection of the windings, and the pulse shaper is additionally equipped with two diodes, a second potentiometer and a pulse distributor assembled on two logical elements "EXCLUSIVE OR", loaded on the first inputs of two logical elements "2I", the second inputs of which are combined with the control input of the third state the second switch and with the output of the first “EXCLUSIVE OR” element, to the second input of which the second potentiometer is connected, and both potentiometers, which have a rheostat connection, are connected through back-to-back diodes to the output of the multivibrator, where the first inputs of the second and third “EXCLUSIVE OR” elements are also connected. , between the second inputs of which an inverter is installed, connected by its input to the output of a low-frequency rectangular pulse generator having a duty cycle of two pulses, while the output of one logical element “2I” is connected to the control input of the third state of the third switch, and the output of the second element “ 2I" - with a similar input of the fourth switch, and the signal inputs of all four switches are connected to one or to different outputs of the multivibrator.

The electrical circuit diagram of the bipolar ion generator is presented in Fig. 1, and Fig. 2 shows pulse graphs at individual points of the circuit in Fig. 1.

The following designations are used in the drawings:

1 - multivibrator;

2, 3, 21, 27, 29, 30, 56, 62 - inverters;

4, 10, 31 - timing capacitors;

5, 32 - decoupling resistors;

6, 33 - current-limiting resistors;

7, 11, 13, 34 - potentiometers;

8 - pulse shaper;

9, 25, 26 - “EXCLUSIVE OR” elements;

12, 14, 35, 36 diodes;

15 - second voltage switch;

16, 38, 52, 58 - Darlington p-p-p transistors;

17, 39, 53, 59 - Darlington pnp transistors;

18 - power bus;

19, 54, 60 - elements “2OR-NOT”;

20, 55, 61 - elements “2I-NOT”;

22 - pulse distributor;

23, 24 - elements “2I”;

28 - low-frequency square pulse generator;

37 - first voltage switch;

40 - voltage boost capacitor;

41 - primary winding of high-voltage transformer 42 with secondary winding 43;

44 - air duct;

45, 50 - first and second groups of corona electrodes;

46 - accelerating electrodes;

47 - primary winding of high-voltage transformer 48 with secondary winding 49;

51 - third voltage switch;

57 - fourth voltage switch;

Arrows “A” and “B” show the direction of the flow of ionized air;

Arrows “C” show the direction of non-ionized air entering the ion generator;

The dots indicate the conditional beginning of the windings of transformers 42 and 48;

And 1 - pulses at the output of multivibrator 1;

And 8 - pulses at the output of pulse shaper 8;

And 28 - pulses at the output of generator 28;

And 24 - pulses at the output of element 24;

And 23 - pulses at the output of element 23;

And 40 is the voltage waveform on capacitor 40;

And 47 - pulses on the primary 47 winding of transformer 48;

And 18 - supply voltage level on bus 18;

And 41 - pulses on the primary 41 winding of transformer 42;

Multivibrator 1 is assembled according to a standard circuit (see, for example: R. Melen, G. Garland. Integrated circuits with CMOS structures. M., "Energy", 1979, pp. 105-107, Fig. 6-1) on two series-connected inverters 2 and 3, where the output of inverter 3 is connected to the input of inverter 2 through a timing capacitor 4 and decoupling resistor 5. The common point of inverters 2 and 3 is connected through a current-limiting resistor 6 and a potentiometer 7 connected in series with it, which has a rheostat switching with the common point of capacitor 4 and resistor 5. By selecting the capacitance values ​​of capacitor 4 and the maximum resistance of potentiometer 7, the lower pulse frequency of multivibrator 1 is set, and the capacitance value of capacitor 4 and the resistance of resistor 6 with potentiometer 7 short-circuited determines the upper pulse repetition frequency of multivibrator 1.

The output of multivibrator 1 (in this case it is the output of inverter 3, although with the same success the output of inverter 2 can be taken as an output; what this will lead to will be discussed a little later) is connected to the input of pulse shaper 8, assembled on logic element 9 “EXCLUSIVE OR”, the output of which is the output of the pulse shaper 8, and the first input is the input of the shaper, the second input of the element 9 is connected to the timing capacitor 10 connected to the common bus and through parallel-connected charging and discharge circuits, consisting of a potentiometer 11 connected in series, respectively with diode 12 and potentiometer 13 with diode 14 - to the input of the driver..

The output of the pulse shaper 8 is connected to the control input of the third state of the second switch 15, consisting of a series-connected pair of complementary Darlington transistors 16 and 17, the collectors of which are connected, respectively, to the power bus 18 and the common bus, and the emitters are combined and are the output of the switch 15. Bases transistors 16 and 17 are connected to the outputs of logic elements, respectively, “2OR-NOT” 19 and “2AND-NOT” 20, in which an inverter 21 is installed between the first inputs, additionally connected by its input to the output of the pulse shaper 8, and the second inputs of the elements 19 and 20 are combined into a signal input and connected to the output of multivibrator 1.

The output of the pulse shaper 8 is also connected to the signal input of the pulse distributor 22. The combined first inputs of the 2I logic elements 23 and 24 are used as the signal input, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the EXCLUSIVE OR elements, 25 and 26, respectively, the first inputs which are combined and connected to the output of multivibrator 1, and the second inputs - one directly, and the second through an inverter 27, are connected to the output of a low-frequency rectangular pulse generator 28.

The pulse generator 28 is built on two series-connected inverters 29 and 30, while the output of the inverter 30, used as the output of the pulse generator 28, is connected through a timing capacitor 31 and a decoupling resistor 32 connected in series with it to the input of the inverter 29, the output of which is through a current-limiting resistor 33 is connected to the midpoint of potentiometer 34, the outer terminals of which, through back-to-back diodes 35 and 36, are connected to the common point of capacitor 31 and resistor 32 (the principle of constructing this generator is based on the circuits described in the USSR author's certificate No. 1132340 dated 02/28/1983, N03K 3/02, author - V.P. Reuta). In this generator, potentiometer 34 serves to balance the output pulses to obtain a duty cycle of two, and in general it is a pulse generator with an adjustable duty cycle.

The first voltage switch 37 is assembled on a complementary pair of Darlington transistors 38 and 39 according to an emitter follower circuit connected by collectors between the power bus 18 and the common bus. The input of this switch is connected to the output of multivibrator 1, and a boost capacitor 40 is connected to the output, the second output of which is connected to the output of the second switch 15 (the complementary emitter follower is widely used as a digital signal switch - see, for example: Claude Galle. Useful design tips and debugging of electronic circuits. M., "DMK", 2003, pp. 106-107, Fig. 2.67).

The output of the second 15 switch is additionally connected to the beginning of the primary 41 winding of the transformer 42, the secondary winding 43 of which is connected between the first group of corona electrodes 45 placed in a ventilated housing 44 and connected to the common bus of the accelerating electrodes 46. The output of the second 15 switch is also connected to the beginning of the primary 47 winding transformer 48, the secondary winding 49 of which is connected to the second group of corona electrodes 50 and accelerating electrodes 46. Corona electrodes 45 and 50 are most often made in the form of needles or pointed pins, and accelerating electrodes 46 are in the form of rings connected to each other and a common busbar, each of which is installed coaxially with one of the needles of the corona electrodes. There may be other designs of these and other electrodes - there is even a series of patents protecting various exotic designs of these electrodes.

The second output of the primary 41 winding of the transformer 42 is connected to the output of the third switch 51, assembled on a series-connected complementary pair of Darlington transistors 52 and 53, the collectors of which are connected between the power bus 18 and the common bus, and the emitters are combined and are the output of the switch. The bases of transistors 52 and 53 are connected to the outputs of logic elements, respectively, “2OR-NOT” 54 and “2AND-NOT” 55, the first inputs of which are combined into a signal input and connected to the output of multivibrator 1, and the third state control input is connected to the second input element 55 directly, and element 54 through inverter 56. Additionally, the control input for the third state of switch 51 is connected to the output of element “2I” 23 of pulse distributor 22.

The second output of the primary 47 winding of the transformer 48 is connected to the output of the fourth 57 voltage switch, assembled by analogy with switch 51 on a complementary pair of Darlington transistors 58 and 59, logic elements “2OR-NOT” 60 and “2AND-NOT” 61 and inverter 62. Difference consists in the connection point of the control input of the third state of the switch 57, which is the output of element “2I” 24 of block 22.

The combination of multivibrator 1 and pulse shaper 8 is a regulator of the concentration of atmospheric ions, in which potentiometer 7 can simultaneously change the concentration of ions of both signs, potentiometer 11 - the concentration of ions of negative polarity, and potentiometer 13 - the concentration of ions of positive polarity. As for potentiometers 11 and 13, this statement is true for the specific circuit shown in Fig. 1. It should be noted here that there may be other options for the bipolar ion generator circuit. Figure 1 shows voltage switches 15, 51 and 57, made according to an inverter circuit with three output states (the third state is when both transistors in the switch are locked, and the switch output is isolated from the power bus 18 and the common bus by the high resistance of the locked transistors) . But the internal circuit design of these switches may be different, and if the signal input of any of these switches is connected to the second output of multivibrator 1 (with the output of inverter 2), then a switch without signal inversion must be used as a switch. There may simply be other options for the circuit design [see. applications for a utility model of an “Electronic switch with three output states” No. 2005109639/22 (011356) dated 04/04/2005 and No. 2005109640/22 (011357) dated 04/04/2005 by the same authors as this application, in which describe a total of ten switch circuits, among which five circuits invert the input signal, five circuits repeat it; according to another gradation of differences, five circuits are transferred to the third state by a “single” signal, and five circuits by a “zero” signal. Any of these circuits can be used in an ion generator, since they are all of the same complexity and quality, therefore the internal structure of these switches is not specified in the claims].

The bipolar ion generator works as follows.

After turning on the power and completing the transient processes, all nodes of the ion generator operate, producing their signals in accordance with the graphs of Fig. 2, where these signals are shown as a time slice. In the graphs, the positive voltage And 40 is taken to be the voltage when the capacitor 40 has a “plus” on the left plate in Fig. 1 relative to the right plate, and the positive voltage And 41 and And 47 on the primary windings, respectively, 41 of the transformer 42 and 47 of the transformer 48, such a voltage is accepted when a “plus” voltage is applied to these windings to the beginnings of the windings, indicated by dots, relative to the ends of these windings.

One more note. Exclusive OR logic elements 9, 25, 26 use the feature of producing a “zero” signal at the output whenever the signals at their inputs are the same, that is, either “zeros” or “ones”. If the signals are different, the output signal of these elements will be “single”.

So, multivibrator 1 creates a sequence of rectangular pulses AND 1, which are supplied simultaneously to the input of the pulse shaper 8 and to the signal inputs of all four voltage switches 15, 37, 51, 57, as well as to the inputs of elements 25, 26 of the pulse distributor 22.

In pulse shaper 8, pulse AND 1 arrives at the first input of element 9 and diodes 12, 14. Since at this time capacitor 10 is discharged to “zero”, pulse AND 8 will be generated at the output of element 9, and therefore shaper 8, along the leading edge pulse And 1, the duration of which will be determined by the charging time of capacitor 10 through diode 12 and potentiometer 11, which set the duration of this pulse And 8, to the operating voltage level of element 9. This level from element to element can have a different value from 0.4 And 18 up to 0.7 and 18. When the voltage on capacitor 10 reaches this level, the first pulse And 8 will end, and capacitor 10 will continue to charge almost to the level And 1. After the end of the And 1 pulse, the first input of element 9 will be at “zero” potential, and a “unit” voltage of the charged capacitor 10 is applied to the second input, therefore, a second pulse And 8 will appear at the output of element 9, generated at the trailing edge of the And 1 pulse. The duration of this pulse And 8 will be determined by the discharge time of the capacitor 10 through the potentiometer 13, with the help of which the duration of this pulse And 8 and the diode 14 are set to the operating level of element 9, after which the pulse And 8 will end, and the capacitor 10 will be further discharged to “zero” " With the appearance of the next pulse I 1, the process of formation of pulses H 8 will repeat. The process of generating pulses And 1, And 8, as well as pulses And 28 at the output of the pulse generator 28 will proceed continuously until the power of And 18 is turned off. These three named pulse sequences control the operation of all other components of the ion generator.

Where impulses And 1 arrive is stated above. Pulses AND 8 are supplied to the control input of the third state of the second switch 15, in which, regardless of the presence or absence of pulses AND 1 at the signal input, the element “2OR-NOT” 19 is switched to the “zero” state at the output, which locks the transistor 14, and having passed through the inverter 21, the “2I-NOT” element 20 is transferred to the “single” state at the output, as a result of which the transistor 17 is turned off. Thus, the arrival of any AND 8 pulse at the input of the switch 15 transfers it to the third state. In the absence of these pulses, switch 15 inverts the AND 1 pulses arriving at its signal input, that is, with a “single” pulse, AND 1 opens transistor 17, connecting the output of switch 15 to the common bus, and with a “zero signal” AND 1, transistor 16 opens, and transistor 17 closes, that is, the output of the switch is connected to the power bus 18. We immediately note that switches 51 and 57 operate similarly to those described with reverse polarity of pulses And 8, that is, “zero” pulses H 8 transfer these switches to the third state, and with “single” pulses AND 8, the state of the outputs of these switches is determined by the type of pulse AND 1. The first switch 37 at its output repeats the pulses And 1 in shape, amplifying them in power, and switches the left plate of the capacitor 40 according to the diagram in Fig. 1 either to the power bus 18 (with a “single” signal And 1), then to the common bus (with “zero signal” AND 1).

And, finally, about the operation of the pulse distributor 22, the inputs of which receive all three types of pulses - And 1, And 8, And 28. The task of node 22 is to control the turn-on sequence of switches 51 and 57. So if the pulse And 28 is equal to “one”, then the pulse distributor 22 through its element “2I” 24 passes the pulses And 8, generated along the leading edge of the pulses And 1, to the control input of the third the state of the switch 57, and the And 8 pulses, formulated along the falling edge of the And 1 pulses, to a similar input of the switch 51 through the “2I” element 23. When the And 1 signal is “zero”, the And 8 pulses, generated according to the element 24, pass to the same address the trailing edge of the And 1 pulses, and through element 23 - along the leading edge of the And 1 pulses.

As can be seen from the graphs of Fig. 2, there are a total of eight combinations of pulses And 1, And 8 and And 28, on which the order in which the discharge electrodes 45 and 50 of the ion generator and the polarity of the ions created using these electrodes depend. These eight pulse combinations consist of two groups. The first group includes four combinations of pulses And 1 and And 8 with And 28 = “1”, which are repeated many times until And 28 becomes equal to “0”. In this state of the signal And 28, the same combinations of pulses And 1 and And 8 are again repeated many times until a “single” pulse And 28 appears again.

So, pulse And 28 has a “single” value (see graphs in Fig. 2 and diagram in Fig. 1).

1) AND 1 = “1”, AND 8 = “1”. With this combination in the first 37 switch, transistor 38 is open and transistor 39 is closed. A “single” pulse And 24 is supplied to the control input of the third state of the fourth 57 switch, in which, due to the presence of pulse And 1 at the signal input, transistor 59 opens and transistor 58 remains closed. At the same time, pulse And 8 switches the second 15 switch to the third state, which in the previous cycle charged the capacitor 40 to a negative voltage (see graph And 40). The third switch 51 at this time is in the third state due to the “zero” signal AND 23 applied to its third state control input. As a result of all this, the end of the winding 47 of the transformer 48 through the open transistor 59 of the switch 57 will be connected to the common bus, and to the beginning of this winding, thanks to the open transistor 38 in the switch 37, the total supply voltage from bus 18 and the voltage of the charged capacitor 40 will be applied. Due to this a pulse And 47 of positive polarity with a collapsed top will be formed on winding 47 due to the partial discharge of capacitor 40 during the lifetime of And 8. This pulse is transformed by transformer 48 into a secondary high-voltage winding 49, from which it, of negative polarity relative to the common bus and accelerating electrodes 46, arrives at corona electrodes 50. A negative corona discharge occurs between electrodes 46 and 50, which will lead to the formation of a cloud of ions of negative polarity, which will carried away by the air flow in the direction of arrows “A”. At the end of pulse I 8, the corona discharge between electrodes 46 and 50 will stop, the fourth switch 57 will go into the third state, and the second switch 15 will go into active mode.

2) AND 1 = “1”, AND 8 = “0”. With this combination of pulses in the second 15 switch, the transistor 17 will open while the transistor 16 is locked, and through the open transistors 17 and 38 (in the first switch 37) a recharge current of the capacitor 40 will flow from bus 18 from minus almost I 18 to plus I 18. At the same time, the primary 47 winding of the transformer 48 will be discharged from the stored energy through the protective diode of the transistor 58 to the power bus AND 18. This discharge current flows from the power bus And 18 through the open transistor 38, the capacitor 40, the winding 47 and the protective diode of the transistor 58 again to the power bus And 18, i.e. it is as if the voltage of a charged capacitor 40 is applied to winding 47. As soon as the voltage on capacitor 40 reaches zero, this current will stop. Due to this process, pulse I 47 has a slope of the trailing edge, like pulses I 41, which will be discussed below. And capacitor 40 will be recharged to plus I 18 and will wait for the end of the pulse And 1.

3) AND 1 = “0”, AND 8 = “1”. In this cycle, when the And 1 pulse takes on a “zero” value and the second And 8 pulse is formed along its falling edge, the following happens. In the first 37 switch, the transistor 38 closes and the transistor 39 opens, thereby connecting the left plate of the capacitor 40 in Fig. 1 with the common bus. The second 15 switch is switched by an And 8 pulse to the third state, and the And 8 pulse in the form of an And 23 pulse appears at the output of the “2I” element 23 and at the control input of the third state of the third 51 switch, the signal input of which has already received a “zero” signal And 1 . As a result, the transistor 52 in the switch 51 will open while the transistor 53 is locked, and the winding 41 of the transformer 42 will be connected to the power bus And 18 at its end, while the voltage of the charged capacitor 40 is applied to its beginning with the “minus” voltage. That is, the winding 41 will be under double supply voltage And 18, and a pulse of negative polarity And 41 will be formed on it, which will be converted by transformer 42 due to the high-voltage winding 43 into a positive high-voltage pulse arriving at the corona electrodes 45 relative to the accelerating electrodes 46. A positive corona discharge occurs between these electrodes, which will create a “cloud” of positive ions carried away by the air flow in the direction of arrows “B”. Since the duration of the pulse I 1, as established in practice, is less than one millisecond, and the speed of the air flow along arrow “C” is less than one meter per second, the previously formed “negative” cloud of ions will have time to fly away from the corona electrodes 50 to a negligible distance of 1- 2 millimeters. Therefore, ions of both signs will be very quickly mixed by the air flow, and all physico-chemical processes in ionized air will be very close to the processes when using a β-active ionizer, which was mentioned at the beginning of the application. The process of forming the top and trailing edge of pulse I 47 occurs in the same way as that of pulse I 47, only now the protective diode of transistor 53 will participate in the process of discharging the energy stored in winding 41.

4) AND 1 = “0”, AND 8 = “0”. At the end of pulse I 8, switch 51 will switch to the third state, and in switch 15 transistor 16 will open while transistor 17 is locked. As a result, the recharge current of capacitor 40 will flow from bus 18 through transistors 16 and 39 (in the first switch 37), which during this cycle will charge to minus I 18 and will be in this state waiting for the arrival of the next impulse I 1.

The described four cycles of operation of the circuit elements will then be repeated until the AND signal 28 at the output of the generator 28 takes on a “zero” value. After this, the next four cycles of operation of the circuit elements will begin, which will be repeated until And 28 takes on a “single” value. According to the graphs of Fig. 2, it is clear that these cycles differ from the one described above in that the element “2I” 24 will transmit to its output pulses AND 8, generated not along the leading, but at the trailing edge of the pulse AND 1. And element “2I” 23, on the contrary, will transmit pulses And 8 generated along the leading edge of pulses And 1, and not along the trailing edge. As a result of this, the polarity and duration of the pulses generated by transformers 42 and 48 will change. Now, between the corona electrodes 50 and the accelerating electrodes 46, a positive corona discharge will occur and positive ions will form in the air, and vice versa between the electrodes 45 and 46. This process of changing the polarity of the corona discharge on the corona electrodes 45 and 50 relative to the accelerating electrodes 46 will occur at equal time intervals set by the generator 28. It is necessary to create the same operating conditions for these electrodes, which increases their reliability by reducing wear of the electrodes that create negative corona , and reducing contamination of the electrodes that create positive corona.

Due to the uniform formation of positive and negative ions and their mixing immediately after their occurrence, the lifetime of the ions is reduced - the ions recombine and a smaller number of them “age”, turning into medium and heavy ions. This is the main goal of this invention, which makes it possible to bring artificially ionized air closer in quality to naturally ionized air.

Notes for experts:

1 - Pulse shaper 8 is described in the utility model patent RU 48126 U1 09/10/2005.

2 - The pulse shaper 8 in conjunction with the pulse distributor 22 is described in the patent for the invention RU 2286008 C1 10/20/2006.

3 - Electronic voltage switches with three output states 15, 51, 57 and other versions of them are described in utility model patents RU 48674 U1 10.27.2005 and RU 48675 U1 10.27.2005.

4 - It is assumed that Darlington transistors 52, 53, 58, 59 have built-in protective diodes (see, for example: reference book FOREIGN CIRCUITS, TRANSISTORS, DIODES, 0...9, p. 539. Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, 2004).

A bipolar ion generator containing a low-frequency rectangular pulse generator, an ion concentration control unit, an EXCLUSIVE OR logic element, voltage switches and a high-voltage transformer, the secondary winding of which is connected to a group of corona electrodes located in the blown air duct, characterized in that the ion concentration control unit consists of a series connected multivibrator with an adjustable pulse repetition rate and a pulse shaper along the rise and fall of the output pulses of the multivibrator, built on an EXCLUSIVE OR logical element, the first input of which is connected to the output of the multivibrator, and the second input to the common point of a serial RC circuit consisting of a potentiometer and a connected with a common capacitor bus, three voltage switches, the first of which is made according to the circuit of a complementary emitter follower on Darlington transistors, and the second and third - according to the circuit of switches with three output states, and the second switch is switched to the third state by a “single” signal, and the third - “zero”, while the first and second switches form a bridge, the diagonal of which includes a voltage booster capacitor, and the second and third switches form a bridge, the diagonal of which includes the primary winding of the high-voltage transformer, and it is equipped with a second group of discharge electrodes, similar to the first group such electrodes and located next to it, a second high-voltage transformer, the output winding of which is connected to the second group of corona electrodes, a fourth voltage switch, similar to the third voltage switch, while the primary winding of the second transformer is connected between the outputs of the fourth and second switches, and both transformers have common-mode turning on the windings, and the pulse shaper is additionally equipped with two diodes, a second potentiometer and a pulse distributor assembled on two logical elements EXCLUSIVE OR, loaded on the first inputs of two logical elements 2I, the second inputs of which are combined with the control input of the third state of the second switch and with the output of the first element EXCLUSIVE OR, to the second input of which a second potentiometer is connected, and both potentiometers, which have a rheostatic connection, are connected through back-to-back diodes to the output of the multivibrator, where the first inputs of the second and third elements are also connected. EXCLUSIVE OR, between the second inputs of which an inverter is installed, connected by its input also with the output of a low-frequency rectangular pulse generator having a duty cycle of two pulses, while the output of one logical element 2I is connected to the control input of the third state of the third switch, and the output of the second element 2I is connected to a similar input of the fourth switch, and the signal inputs of all four switches connected to one or different outputs of the multivibrator.

The invention relates to devices for creating microclimate systems in residential and production premises for industrial, medical, and agricultural purposes, as well as in any others where there is a need for air ionization, using ventilation systems and creating a microclimate

The invention relates to methods and devices for powering electrical installations for generating ozone from air using an electric discharge and can be used in agriculture, food and chemical industries for disinfection, antiseptic, purification and deodorization of air in livestock buildings and during the storage of agricultural products

The invention relates to air treatment technology and can be used in everyday life, in offices, in educational premises with television, computing and other office equipment to enrich the air with ions of both signs, neutralize all kinds of electrostatic fields on various surfaces, objects and people’s clothing, as well as for cleaning air from dust, bacteria, yeast and fungal spores

In medicine, an air ionizer is sometimes used for medicinal purposes. In everyday life, they are often used to clean a room from dust and germs and create more comfortable conditions. A simple ionizer can be made using the circuit shown in Fig. 5.78. In it, high voltage is formed due to the inductive release of back-emf. in coil 1 of transformer T2, which occurs every time the current through winding 2 stops. This voltage is rectified by the diode VD4 and supplied to the emitter E1.

Rice. 5.78. Negative ion generator circuit

As a network transformer T1, you can use standardized ones that provide a current of up to 0.8 A in the secondary winding, and T2 can be easily made on the basis of any one used in line scan generators of color TVs, winding a winding of 2 - 8...12 turns, and as a winding 1 connect the existing one, containing the largest number of turns (high voltage).

The diagram only shows how high-voltage voltage can be obtained, and in order to use this voltage to create light air ions of negative polarity (they are the ones that have useful properties), you will need to make an E1 emitter. It is made of wire and must have many needle-like (sharp) ends. The shape and dimensions of the structure do not matter much. Various versions of such emitters can be seen in the store - they are part of household ionizers manufactured by industry (the so-called “Chizhevsky A.L. chandelier”).

If the radiator is small in size, it is advisable to install a fan to accelerate air circulation in the working area (motor M1 is shown in the diagram); in this case, the process of formation of air ions occurs more intensively.

Literature:
For radio amateurs: useful diagrams, Book 5. Shelestov I.P.

This ionizer chandelier was made by the guys from the Gorky club of young technicians “Iskatel”. Such a chandelier, suspended in an auditorium, assembly or sports hall, workshop or laboratory, forms negative ions in the air, which have a beneficial effect on the human body.

Main components of the air ionizer - the so-called electro-effluvial chandelier, DC-DC converter and rectifier.

Electroeffluvial chandelier is. From each tip of the chandelier, electrons flow at high speed, which then “stick” to oxygen molecules. The air ions generated in this way also have high speed - this explains their survivability.

The efficiency of the ionizer largely depends on the design of the chandelier. The upper and lower plexiglass bases are connected by a common mounting plate. All elements of the rectifier and voltage converter are located on it. Flexible metal rods with a diameter of 2-3 mm are attached to the bases with screws, forming a sphere.

Make holes in the rods with a diameter of 0.7-1 mm and secure sharpened stationery pins with a ring in them. Pins can also be soldered to rods.

The chandelier is suspended from the ceiling on a stand made of insulating material. The distance from the chandelier to the floor must be at least 2.5 m, and all metal grounded objects must be no closer than 2 m.

The mains transformer and inductor are made on a core made of electrical steel Sh-16. The thickness of the set is 25 mm.

The primary winding of transformer Tr1 contains 2200 turns of PEV 0.27 wire, and the secondary winding contains 130 turns of PEV 0.9 wire.

The choke has 200 turns of PEV 1.5 wire. It can be replaced with a 300-500 ohm resistor, designed for a power of at least 2 watts.

The semiconductor voltage converter is assembled on transistors T1 and T2 of type P217A. Transformer Tr2 is made on a ferrite core fromany type. The primary winding consists of 6 turns of PEV 0.9 wire with a tap from the middle. The secondary winding, connected to the collector terminals of the transistors, has 14 (7 + 7) turns of the same wire. From output winding III, which has 8000 turns of PELSHO 0.08 wire, high voltage is supplied to a multiplying circuit consisting of high-voltage semiconductor diodes D5-D10 and filter capacitors S5-S9 type POV or PSO, designed for an operating voltage of 10-15 kV.

If the ionizer circuit is assembled correctly, a thin squeak of the transformer-converter is heard when it operates. Sometimes it is necessary to swap the terminals of the secondary winding of transformer Tr2.

The simplest indicator of the performance of an air ionizer is a small piece of cotton wool. It should be attracted to the chandelier from a distance of 50-60 cm.

When the ionizer is working, there should be no odors in the room. If they are still felt, it means that something was done incorrectly and therefore harmful gases are formed. The ionizer must be turned off immediately.

Remember that the aeroionizer is a high-voltage installation, so be very careful when manufacturing, setting up and operating it.

Yu. M0X0B, V. NOMARDIN, YUT, 1973